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Sheathing
Following construction of the house frame, the outside is covered with either chipboard, plywood, boards or tongue and groove boards. It forms a surface to contain the insulation but also provides a base for the Tyvek and siding. The illustration shows chipboard sheathing.
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Shakes & Shingles
Traditional shingles are slices sawn from a block of Cedar wood. They measure approximately 15” high by 8” wide (sizes can vary onsiderably) and ½” to ¾ “ thick.
They are tapered from one narrow end to the other to allow them to overlap each other on installation.
Traditional shakes are also from Cedar wood but are split rather than sawn and as a consequence are less regular in shape, thicker and have a heavier grain.
They may be used for siding or roof covering. |
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Wood Shingles
Unpainted and untreated shingles will eventually deteriorate and become unsightly. The wood will split and curl which may allow rain water to penetrate.
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Shakes
This Mansard roof is covered with shakes which are characterized by their rough texture, increased thickness and irregular size compared to shingles. Note the stucco walls and exposed beams, Tudor style, at the ground floor
level.
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Weatherboard
Boards which are tapered on the long side and then nailed to the house in overlapping courses. Sometimes called “clapboard” or if it has a lip to fasten the next board
it may be “shiplap”. Boards may vary widely in size and commonly are cut from 1” X 8” or 1” X 10” lumber.
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Log Construction
Regular machine-cut and trimmed logs stacked on top of each other to form the frame of the house. This may be mistaken for a form of siding when the logs are split in
half and attached to the sheathing.
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Manufactured Wood Panels
Engineered 4’ X 8’ panels made from wood by-products and resin. Simulated wood grain and grooves between the “boards”, sometimes called “cottage siding”. The siding
illustrated is over 30 years old.
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Engineered Wood
A common new construction siding which provides an improved appearance which is closer to the
weatherboard appearance it is copying. The illustration shows the early stages of installation.
Other wood products which simulate weatherboarding include Abitibi, masonite, composite and hardboard.
These may be difficult to determine but are characterized by their smooth texture and aluminum joint covers and corners.
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Vinyl Siding
The most common form of siding today. The illustration shows the early stages of installation over Tyvek. Some brands are backed with polystyrene insulation which
is popular for retrofitting older properties. Note the rigid insulation glued to the foundation wall below the siding.
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Vinyl Siding
A finished vinyl wall which may be confirmed by testing the material for its characteristic texture and flexibility.
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Vinyl Tile
A relatively new product where vinyl tiles simulating stone blocks are glued or otherwise attached to the
sheathing.
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Aluminum Siding
Similar in appearance to vinyl and engineered wood and may be determined by testing its characteristic smooth metal feel and lack of flexibility.
Mostly used in renovated homes and little used today.
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Aluminum Panel Siding
Sheets of aluminum have been cut to size and attached to this older property. It is characterized by its vertical appearance with ridges overlapping at 2’ centres. More
commonly used in commercial construction. Note that the
side of the house has wood shingles.
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Brick Facing
This house is faced with brick on the front and has vinyl siding on the other sides. Neither the brick nor the vinyl provide any structural value but are there for weatherproofing and appearance – If they were removed, the house would still stand. |
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Brick Built
This 1920’s flat-roof, two-storey house has been built entirely of brick on a stone foundation. This in not brick “facing” but the actual form of construction where the brick bears the weight of the roof and the building. |
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Brick Block
This 60 year old property was originally a fire station and now a home. It has an unusual 12” X 8” brick block construction. |
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Stucco
Stucco is a mixture of cement, water and coarse sand with possibly some small stones. It is trowelled over a wall which may have been prepared with a covering of steel mesh. It forms a decorative contrast to other parts of the house which may be brick and exposed beams as illustrated
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More Stucco
This example of stucco has a very rough texture and has been painted.
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Stone & Shakes
This new home has a mixture of shakes on the main structure and stone on the garage to enhance the appearance and “opulence” of the property. Note the matching stone steps. |
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Real Stone
Local ironstone construction with a course of limestone blocks at the foundation level. More commonly found in public buildings.
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Hydrostone
A form of concrete block construction without any exterior siding. Not a common form of construction in Canada today.
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Concrete Block
A modern form of concrete block construction which is a facing on a wood framed building. The blocks are heavily textured and mixed with other forms of siding to maintain a good appearance.
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Simulated Brick
“Pressed board” or (hardboard) panels simulating a brick wall. The panels are nailed to the sheathing which in this illustration is made of boards.
Common in the 1940’s but long obsolete. |
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Asphalt Shingle & Rolled Roofing
The illustration shows an old barn which has been sided with traditional roofing material. Asphalt shingles are still commonly used for siding for mansard style homes
and other contemporary styles.
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